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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=93TT2288>
<title>
Dec. 27, 1993: Fallout From Nasty Secrets
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
Dec. 27, 1993 The New Age of Angels
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
SCANDALS, Page 26
Fallout From Nasty Secrets
</hdr>
<body>
<p>How the U.S. used its citizens as guinea pigs
</p>
<p> On a spring day in 1950, U.S. scientists perfecting techniques
for tracking Soviet atomic tests packed a conventional bomb
with radioactive material--probably lanthanum-140--and exploded
it in the atmosphere near Los Alamos, New Mexico. No injuries
were reported, but the fallout reached populated areas at least
70 miles away.
</p>
<p> The Los Alamos test, one of many similar experiments described
in a congressional report released last week, is just the latest
in a series of disclosures from the early days of the atomic
age, when the government often learned about the effects of
radiation the quick and dirty way--by exposing unsuspecting
civilians. Over the past month, a frightening array of nuclear
experiments have come to light, including large-scale medical
tests involving hundreds of patients. A series published in
the Albuquerque Tribune detailed one experiment in which 18
people were injected with high concentrations of plutonium,
apparently without their full consent. In another test, 800
pregnant women were exposed to radioactive iron in order to
investigate its effects on fetal development. The testicles
of 67 inmates at an Oregon state prison were exposed to X rays
to determine how radiation might alter sperm production.
</p>
<p> When the first reports of such experiments appeared seven years
ago--in a congressional study titled American Nuclear Guinea
Pigs--the Energy Department was less than forthcoming. This
time, Energy Secretary Hazel O'Leary says the Clinton Administration's
policy is to "come clean" about the radiation tests, and she
has ordered the most thorough investigation ever into the experiments.
The Energy Department has also promised to declassify millions
of pages of secret documents related to past activities of the
nuclear-weapons industry. The worst disclosures may be yet to
come.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>